Spiritual and moral values: an anthropological study of the duty and desire categories

The article is devoted to the study of phenomena, such as duty and desire. These phenomena are interpreted in different ways within framework various philosophical trends, starting from antiquity ending with modernity. authors emphasize lack consensus scientific community interpretation these categories. Thus, R. Descartes believed that phenomenon debt arose human mind under influence social conditions. On contrary, I. Kant C. Cordner argued was a priori concept not associated practice life. In turn, L.Yu. Nikolaeva understood basis for forming national-cultural ideal. Plato explained desire by imperfection human, whereas Aristotle product pleasant sensation. Spinoza an individual form cognition world. J. Locke need something currently available. general, categories were clearly distinguished. Most philosophers consider characteristic being individual, considered be empirical category, i.e., generated sensory experience individual. However, it necessary only concepts more deeply but also reveal their role spiritual moral values.